** YeMupepeti Chiziviso: James Whale: Frankenstein's Gay Baba kuenderera kweHorror's Unotyisa Mwedzi Unodada kupemberera LGBTQ Nharaunda nemipiro yavo kune iyo genre.

Pavarume nevakadzi vese vakabatsira kuumba mazuva ekutanga ekutyisa firimu, vashoma ndivo vaigona kuita zvakaitwa naJames Whale paakakwanisa kunzwira tsitsi "chikara" chakashata muma1931 Frankenstein.

Zvichida, imhaka yekuti vashoma kwazvo vashoma vevagadziri ivavo vaiziva kuti chii chaifanira kunzi chakashata ivo pachavo.

Hupenyu sekubuda kwemurume akavharana ngochani muma1930 hwaive kure nyore, kunyangwe kuHollywood. Paive nezvinopfuura kungosemwa. Paiva neruvengo chairwo.

Munzira dzakawanda, hapana zvakawanda zvachinja, uye zvakadaro paive naJames Whale, kunze uye achizvikudza sezvaaigona kuva muna 1930 apo, mushure mekubudirira kukuru kutungamira mutambo wepamutambo unonzi Kupera kwerwendo starring hapana mumwe kunze kwaColin Clive, iye akapihwa kontrakiti yemakore mashanu neUnivers Pictures uye akapihwa mukana wekunongedza chero zvivakwa zvavaive nazvo panguva iyoyo.

Whale kuva zvaaive, akasarudza Frankenstein. Chimwe chinhu machiri chakataura naye, chakamutsa fungidziro yake, uye pasina nguva refu aive achigadzira firimu rekufambisa rakagadzira mwero wegoridhe vashoma vakasangana kubvira.

Akauya naColin Clive kuti aite nyeredzi saiye akarwara Henry Frankenstein, uye aivewo nemumwe mutambi mumusoro wehunhu hwake: Boris Karloff.

"Chiso chake chakandifadza," Whale akatsanangura gare gare. "Ndakaita madhirowa emusoro wake, ndichiwedzera mapfumo emabhonzo akapinza kwandinofungidzira kuti dehenya rakanga rabatana."

Kunyangwe Karloff ari sarudzo yake, paive paine rimwe ropa rakaipa pakati pemutungamiriri nemutambi pakatanga kutorwa firimu. Munyori wezvemafirimu, Gregory Mank, anoti Whale akaita godo nekutarisisa kwaiitwa naKarloff panguva yekutora mafirimu uye akaronga kutsiva kwake achipindura.

Sezvo mugumo wefirimu unoswedera, Monster inotakura Henry Frankenstein pamusoro pefudzi rake ichikwira chikomo chakakwirira kuenda kuchigayo chikuru. Whale akaita kuti Karloff atakure 6'4 ″ Colin Clive achikwira gomo iro kakawanda achidzokorora kutora izvo zvinonzi zvakakonzera kuti mutambi arwadziwe zvakanyanya musana kwehupenyu hwake hwese.

Kunyangwe inyaya dzipi nyaya dzingave dzaiitika kuseri kwezviitiko, Frankenstein yaive budiriro huru kune Whale, Karloff, uye Universal Mifananidzo.

Vateereri vakatwasanuka vakatorwa nehunyanzvi hwekutaura ngano, mafirimu akanaka, uye nyaya inoshungurudza yemurume akashinga kutamba Mwari.

Ngochani vateereri, ipapo uye ikozvino, ona zvese izvo zvinhu uye zvimwe zvimwe. Kunyangwe iyo queer subtext ingave isinganyanye kusanzwisisika Mwenga waFrankenstein, Whale yekutanga foray kupinda genre ichiri kutaura zvakawanda.

Kurambwa kwaChikara na "baba" vake kwakarova pakarepo. Kurambwa nemhuri yemunhu pavanoona kuti iwe uri queer kuchiri kuitika kakawanda uye ndechimwe chezvitsauko zvinokuvadza mune zvedu nyaya, uye zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti chikara chinongotera kune hunoparadza hunhu mukutarisana nekurambwa ikoko, chimwe chinhu chinotambudza nharaunda yedu zvakare.

Zvakare, kunyangwe akapendwa seChikara, kune kumwe kunzwisisika kune zvakasikwa naFrankenstein. Mumwe anogona kuzviona zviri nyore sehunhu hwechikadzi, uye nekudaro anotora mamwe maitiro echikadzi emvura.

Uye ngatirege kukanganwa iyo inoshushikana nguva apo iye anodzingirirwa nevanopenga vagari vemumusha vane mazhenje uye fosi dzakakomberedzwa pakuparadzwa kwake. Wese munhu weGBBTQ ari munyika anoziva kuti kutya zvakanyanyisa.

Kunyangwe izvo zvishandiso zvechisimba zvingave zvachinja - mamwe anotodaidzwa kunzi "mitemo" - kutya uye kushushikana uko nanhasi.

Hazvishamise, tichiziva kuti Whale yakagadzira idzi uye dzimwe nguva mufirimu, kuti chikara chave chidiki chechiratidzo uye iyi nhaka yakanyorwa nezvayo mumajenari uye nezvinyorwa zvevadzidzi kakawanda mumakumi emakore apfuura.

Dzimwe nhengo dzemunharaunda yekutenderera dzakatowana mubatsiri mu "chikara" chaWhale, nevanyori nevamiriri vakaita saSusan Stryker vachiratidza kufanana pakati pechisikwa chechisikwa nekuvhiya kwake kuti ave zvaaifanirwa kuve.

Uye ngatirege kukanganwa rukudzo rwekupedzisira kune Whale's adaptation of Shelley's masterpiece: Iyo Rocky Horror Mufananidzo Ratidzira.

Tinogona chete kufungidzira izvo Whale angafunge nezve iyi nhaka, asi apo isu tichidongorera munzira yakavhurika yaakararama hupenyu hwake, ndinofunga zvakachengeteka kufunga kuti angadai akadada.

Mushure ma1931's Frankenstein, Whale akapfuurira kunongedza mamwe matatu echinyakare echinyakare: Imba Yakare Yakare, Murume Asingaonekwe, uye Mwenga waFrankenstein. Mumwe nemumwe wavo anokudzwa nemaitiro avo uye mumwe nemumwe anozadzwa nemutungamiriri wevanonzwa ngochani.

Aive akanyarara kuenderera mberi nerudzi basa nenguva Mwenga akauya achitya kuti aizove hangaiwa-akavharirwa semutyairi anotyisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, pakasvika 1941, basa rake rekugadzira firimu rakanga rapera, asi akange ave nehungwaru nemari yake uye aive akagara pamari yakati wandei.

Pakukurudzira kwewaakashanda naye kwenguva yakareba, David Lewis, director vakatora pendi uye vakararama hupenyu hwakaomarara mumusha wake wakanaka.

Paive pakushanya kuEurope apo Whale akasangana naPierre Foegel ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu ndokuzivisa Lewis kuti aida kuti murume mudiki agare naye paakadzoka. Lewis akashamisika; kwaive kupera kwehukama hwakanga hwagara makore anopfuura makumi maviri. Zvinoshamisa kuti vaviri ava vakaramba vari shamwari mushure.

Pakazosvika 1956, Whale aive achirwara nemarwadzo akakomba ekuora mwoyo uye pamusoro pazvo akarohwa sitiroko. Musi waMay 29, 1957, akawanikwa akafa kumba kwake. Akanga anyura mudziva.

Rufu rwakatongwa tsaona asi makore akazotevera, nguva pfupi asati afa, David Lewis akaburitsa tsamba yekuzviuraya iyo yaakawana nekuramba akaviga.

Whale aingova namakore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe chete panguva yekufa kwake, uye kunyangwe kupera kwake kwaive kusiririsa, hwake hwaive hupenyu hwakararama zvakanaka, uye zvakanaka chete kuti isu timukudze panguva yekupemberera kwedu kweHorror Pride Mwedzi.

Ndinoda kufunga kuti zvaizoita kuti anyemwere.