Musi waJune 24, 1947, mutyairi wega wega Kenneth Arnold akataura kuti akaona tambo yezvinhu zvipfumbamwe zvinopenya, zvisingazivikanwe zvinobhururuka panguva yekufamba-famba kwezhizha pamusoro peMat. Rainier. Aya maDiski anoratidza kubhururuka - ayo aakafungidzira kuti aifamba pamusoro pe1,200 mph - yakaratidza yekutanga vazhinji kuona ku tevera.

Nomuzvarirwo, pane zvakataurwa zviitiko zvekubhururuka zvinhu munhoroondo Kwemazana emakore ivo vaiwanzo kunzi kune zvipoko, ngirozi, uye nezvimwe zvisikwa zvemweya. Asi sezvo sainzi yekunyepedzera payakakura senge genre, pfungwa yezvinhu izvi zvinobhururuka zviri zvemuchadenga zvakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya.

Muna 1938, Orson Welles akakonzera mass hysteria ne yake Mercury Theater Pamhepo redhiyo kutepfenyurwa kwe Hondo Yenyika - kuchinjiswa kwenhoroondo naHG Wells. Iyo redhiyo yekutamba yakarongedzwa senge yakajairwa manheru epurogiramu pamwe nenhau dzemashoko dzinokanganisa kupa zvigadziriso pane zvekunyepedzera kupinda kwevatorwa muNew York. Iyo Mercury Theater chirongwa ichi chaiwanzo kwete pasi pekutengesa mabhureki, ichiwedzera kuicho chaicho chemashoko enhau "kukanganisa".

Mukupera kwema1940 - mushure mekunge WWII yadzikira - ruzhinji rwakatariswa zvakanyanya kune zvine ngozi zviitiko zvetekinoroji uye nesimba ravakabata. Ivo vese vaiziva iyo mantra ye "tarisa matenga". Vakanga vanzwa nyaya dzevasinganzwisisike “foo varwi”Yakaonekwa nevafambisi vezvikepe zvehondo vachipfuura nepamusoro peGerman. Saka Kenneth Arnold paakauya nemushumo wake wekuona kusingazivikanwe, mapepanhau akamonyora ngano yake papeji rekutanga nezwi rakakomba, kunyange rekutambanudza ruoko.

Mashoko ekuti "saucer inobhururuka" uye "flying disc" akapinda muChirungu lexicon, uye kukwezva kutsva kwakaumbwa. Sayenzi yekunyepedzera yaive yaisanganisira vatorwa sekutyisidzira mumapulp novel uye ma comics, asi mazano akaomarara anga asina kutamira kuchiratidziro chesirivheri.

Mhuka dzinotyisa idzo dzakashusha mafirimu anotyisa muma1940s dzaive dzichidzikira mukuzivikanwa, saka rudzi rwekutyisa rwakambundira sainzi yekunyepedzera, Atomic Age, nevateereri vavo vatsva; vechidiki.

Sezvo vechidiki vakapinda mumotokari dzavo uye vakadirana kuma drive-ins, mafirimu akagadzirwa kutevedzera kwavo pop tsika zvavanofarira; inomhanya-mhanya uye ine chisimba ne snappy dialog uye yekunyepedzera fungidziro. Tired of melodramatic movies and TV nights at home, chizvarwa chitsva ichi chaida mazano matsva.

Vatorwa nevapambi venzvimbo vakagamuchira iro dambudziko. Ivo vakapa mazano matsva ayo akakwenenzverwa pane ruzhinji kufarira muUFOs uye kubiwa apo vachikweretesa madingindira avo kune zvemagariro zvirevo. Mafirimu akaita Kurwiswa kweMutumbi Vabati (1959), Yakauya Kubva Kunze Kwekunze (1953), Blob (1958), uye Vapambi Kubva kuMars (1953) yakarova kutya mumoyo yevateereri vavo vachiri kunyatsofungisisa McCarthyism uye iyo Red Scare.

Aya mafirimu ava echiratidzo mumhando iyi. Kunyange Ronga 9 Kubva Kunze Kwekunze (1958) - kunyangwe isina kubudirira kubudirira nevatsoropodzi - yawana nzvimbo yayo senge yechinyakare yechinamato.

Iko kufarira kwezvisinga zivikanwe zvisikwa uye zvisikwa zvisingazivikanwe zvakasanganiswa mukati ma1950 zvisikwa maficha futi. Icho Chisikwa Kubva kuDema Lagoon (1954), Icho Chinhu chinobva kune Imwe Nyika (1951), Iyo Alligator Vanhu (1959), uye kuchinjika kwezvambotaurwa The Hondo Yenyika (1953) yakaratidza zvisikwa zvitsva zvisinganzwisisike nemamwe mavambo epasirese.

Vanhu vanowana muripo kubva mukutya - isu tinobudirira pairi - ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinotyisa senge rudzi zvakanyanya kufarirwa. Tinoda kunzwa kutya. Munguva yepashure pehondo, veruzhinji vaisafanirwa kumira vakatarisana nekutyisidzira kwepanyika, saka vakatevera kutungamira kwepasirese sosi sosi nenzvimbo yekutambudzika kwavo. Dzimwe nguva, kana iwe wapedza kwenguva yakareba kudaro "uchiona matenga" nezve njodzi inogona kuitika, zvakaoma kutarisa kure.

Kune zvakawanda pamusoro pekutya kwepasi, tinya pano kuti uverenge nezve 1957 kubiwa kwaAntonio Vilas-Boas.